What is the primary function of alveoli in the lungs?

The primary function of alveoli in the lungs is to facilitate gas exchange. Alveoli are tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchial tubes where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs. Their structure is highly specialized for this purpose; they have thin walls, which are surrounded by a network of capillaries. This allows for efficient diffusion of gases: oxygen from the air in the alveoli passes into the blood in the capillaries, while carbon dioxide from the blood is expelled into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Optimal gas exchange is crucial for maintaining the body’s oxygen levels and removing carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism. The large surface area provided by the numerous alveoli maximizes the amount of gas exchange that can occur, making them a vital component of the respiratory system.