What is the role of humidification in mechanical ventilation?

Humidification plays a crucial role in mechanical ventilation primarily by maintaining mucociliary function through moisture. When patients are placed on mechanical ventilation, the air delivered can be dry, especially when using high-flow systems. This dryness can impair the natural mucociliary clearance mechanisms in the airways, which are vital for capturing and expelling pathogens and debris. By adding moisture to the inhaled gases, humidification helps to prevent the drying out of the mucous membranes and supports the normal function of cilia in the respiratory tract. This ensures that secretions can be mobilized effectively, enhancing airway protection and overall respiratory function.

While patient comfort, the reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), and oxygenation are important aspects of ventilatory support, they are secondary to the primary function of humidification, which is maintaining the health and integrity of the airway lining and mucous membranes.