Why is careful monitoring of plateau pressures important in ventilated patients?

Careful monitoring of plateau pressures in ventilated patients is crucial for preventing potential lung injury. Plateau pressure is the pressure measured in the airway at the end of inhalation, which reflects the volume and pressure within the lungs during a static condition. Elevated plateau pressures can indicate overdistension of the alveoli or that the lungs are becoming stiffer, which may lead to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).

By ensuring that plateau pressures remain within safe limits, healthcare providers can avoid applying excessive pressure to the lung tissue, thereby reducing the risk of barotrauma and volutrauma. Maintaining appropriate plateau pressures is therefore essential for safeguarding lung mechanics and ensuring patient safety during mechanical ventilation. This consideration is particularly important in patients with pre-existing lung conditions or in those who may be at risk for developing complications from mechanical ventilation.